Why Deterrence and Compellence Failed Against Iran

War Reflects a Failure of Coercion?

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54827/issn2764-7897.cebri2026.17.03.04.183-197.en

Keywords:

US-Iran relations, coercive diplomacy, deterrence and compellence, asymmetric warfare, Middle East security

Abstract

This article analyzes the US decision under President Trump to escalate military action against Iran in 2026 and the persistence of the ensuing conflict. It argues that the US strategy shifted from deterrence to compellence after decades of oscillating coercive policies that failed to alter Iranian behavior. The shift increased costs for Washington without securing compliance. Iran instead adapted and escalated, revealing structural limits in coercion when credibility, objectives, and asymmetric capabilities are misaligned.

Author Biography

Guy Burton

Visiting Fellow on the Sectarianism, Proxies and De-sectarianisation Project at Lancaster University. He has previously taught at universities in Europe, the Middle East and Southeast Asia and has published on the politics and international relations of the Middle East.

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Published

2026-09-09

How to Cite

Burton, G. (2026). Why Deterrence and Compellence Failed Against Iran: War Reflects a Failure of Coercion?. CEBRI-Revista: Brazilian Journal of International Affairs, (17). https://doi.org/10.54827/issn2764-7897.cebri2026.17.03.04.183-197.en